Izidakamizwa Nezengezo Ezihamba Phambili Zika-2021 Zokuncipha Ukukhuluphala, Yikuphi Okusebenza Kakhulu?

 

Ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile? Ngabe ufisa ukuthi ungalahlekelwa yisisindo somzimba esengeziwe osithwala nsuku zonke? Ukukhuluphala nabantu abakhuluphele kakhulu basengozini yokuthola inqwaba yezimo zezempilo ezingehli kahle ezinciphisa kakhulu izinga lempilo kulowo nalowo muntu.

Abantu abaningi abakhuluphele ekugcineni banquma ukuzama ukunciphisa umzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukwethula ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba enkambisweni yansuku zonke kuyinselele, futhi abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi abakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nokuzibophezela. Abanye bathola ukuthi ababonakali behlisa isisindo esingeqile kungakhathalekile ukulungiswa kokudla nokuvivinya umzimba.

Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele kakhulu abalwa nokulahlekelwa isisindo bangadinga usizo oluthile lwezokwelapha. Izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo ngikunikeze ngesixazululo semizamo yakho yokwehlisa isisindo. Kuvunyelwe i-FDA izidakamizwa zokuphuza umzimba kungakusiza uchithe isisindo esengeziwe samafutha, ubuyisele umzimba wakho ku-BMI enempilo.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuveza konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho izidakamizwa zokuphuza umzimba. Sizobheka uhlobo lwezidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo, ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nemiphumela ongayilindela lapho usebenzisa izinhlanganisela zokwehlisa isisindo.

 

Kuyini Ukukhuluphala?

Ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga enkulu (ngicela uxolele i-pun). Imvamisa, ukukhuluphala kudlangile emnothweni osethuthukile osentshonalanga, iMelika ihamba phambili emhlabeni okhululekile ezimweni zokukhuluphala ngokwesibalo sabantu bakhona. Imboni yezempilo ihlukanisa abantu abakhuluphele njengabantu abane-Body Mass Index (BMI) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile banama-BMIs aphakathi kwama-25 kuye kwangama-30.

I-Body Mass Index (BMI) isilinganiso sesisindo somzimba maqondana nokuphakama. Kukhona inala yokubala online ekunikeza indlela elula yokubala i-BMI yakho. Ukuqonda i-BMI yakho nokuthi ihlobana kanjani nempilo yakho kukunikeza umbono wengozi yezempilo enhlalakahleni yakho.

Uma uthintana nesazi sokudla okunempilo, bazobala i-BMI yakho bese behlola ubungozi empilweni yakho. Bangancoma nohlelo lwezinguquko ekudleni kanye nokwethulwa kokuvivinya umzimba ukunciphisa amafutha omzimba bese ubuyisela umzimba wakho kwi-BMI enempilo.

Imvamisa, umondli wakho noma uchwepheshe wezempilo uzokwenzela uhlelo lokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze uthole impilo yakho. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangathola ukuthi banezinkinga zomzimba, njenge-metabolic syndrome, ezikulahla ohambweni lwakho lokwehlisa isisindo.

Uma kunjalo, uchwepheshe wezempilo noma udokotela anganquma izidakamizwa zokuphuza umzimba ngokuhlanganyela nohlelo lwakho lokudla nokuvivinya umzimba.

 

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - Ukubuka konke

Ukukhuluphala kuyisimo esingelapheki sezempilo esithinta abantu abadala abane kwabayishumi baseMelika. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi baseMelika ubhekene nemiphumela yokukhuluphala ngokweqile enhlalakahleni yabo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhuluphala sekuyaba ubhadane kubantu baseMelika.

Lesi sifo siyingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu abaningi baseMelika, uma kubhekwa abantu abakhuluphele abangaba yizigidi ezine babulawa yizinkinga ezimayelana nalesi simo unyaka nonyaka.

Ngeshwa, izinga lokukhuluphala ngokweqile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Phakathi kowe-1975 kuya kowezi-2016, izinga lokukhuluphala ngokweqile ezinganeni nasebusheni lenyuke amahlandla amane emphakathini womhlaba, landa lisuka ku-4% laya ku-18%.

Ngakho-ke, yini ebangela ukukhuluphala kwabantu? Namuhla, abantu abaningi bakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele kuzo zonke izifunda emhlabeni jikelele, ngaphandle kwe-Asia kanye ne-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Ochwepheshe ekuqaleni babecabanga ukuthi inkinga yokukhuluphala isuselwa emnothweni othuthukile lapho abantu benokufinyelela okuphezulu ekukhetheni okungalungile kokudla kanye nemali etholakalayo.

Kodwa-ke, amacala okukhuluphala nokukhuluphala kwabantu ayenyuka ezindaweni zasemadolobheni emnothweni osafufusa. Namuhla, iningi lezingane ezikhuluphele futhi ezikhuluphele kakhulu zihlala emazweni ahola kancane naphakathi. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, amazinga okukhuluphala kulezi zifunda angaphezulu ngama-30% ngaphezu kwezwe lasentshonalanga.

 

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokukhuluphala?

Ukukhuluphala akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa, kungukuqoqwa kweminyaka yokuphila okungenampilo. Abantu abaningi abaqala ukukhuluphala abakuqapheli ekuqaleni, noma abanandaba kangako ngakho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isimo sabo siba sibi, bangaqala ukubona izimpawu nezimpawu zokukhuluphala ezingena ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke.

Ezinye zezimpawu nezimpawu zokukhuluphala zibandakanya okulandelayo.

• Isikhumba esivuvukile esinamachashazi amnyama avela kwezinye izindawo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamaki wokulula.
• I-Edema (ukuvuvukala) ezithweni ezingezansi.
• Ukuvela kwemithambo ye-varicose emilenzeni engezansi.

Abantu abaqaphela lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile bane-BMI enkulu kunama-30. Abesilisa bavamise ukuba nokhalo olungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40 nangu-35 amayintshi kwabesifazane. Abantu abakhuluphele banokwehla komaka kuzinga labo lempilo ngenxa yesisindo sabo.

Laba bantu bangathola ukuthi abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo, ekuzilibaziseni, noma emisebenzini yomzimba. Izinga labo lokuqina liphansi, futhi abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa yizindawo zomsebenzi emzimbeni wabo. Ukukhuluphala nabantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile nakho kungahle kube nezinkinga ngokuzethemba, kubenze banciphise impilo yomphakathi.

Ngenkathi ukukhuluphala kunethonya lomzimba emzimbeni, kubuye kube nengozi yokuthi umuntu abhekane nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Abantu abathintekile bangabhekana nalezi zinselelo ezilandelayo empilweni yabo yengqondo ngenxa yesimo sabo sokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma sokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

• Ukudangala nokuzethemba okuphansi.
• Ukukhubazeka nezinkinga zokuhamba.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokocansi nokulahleka kwe-libido.
• Imizwa yecala nehlazo lokwehluleka kwabo ukulungisa inkinga yokukhuluphala.
• Ukuhlehla emibuthanweni yomphakathi nokugcina uhlukanisiwe nabanye.
• Amazinga aphansi okukhiqiza emsebenzini.

Njengoba kushiwo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisimo se-metabolic esingenampilo kakhulu esidala izingqinamba eziningana zomzimba kumuntu othintekile. Izici eziningana zinomthelela ekukhuleni kokukhuluphala. Ukuziphatha, izakhi zofuzo, i-hormonal, kanye nokuphazamiseka komzimba kungathinta ukuqongelela komzimba.

Kodwa-ke, isizathu esikhulu sokuthuthuka kokukhuluphala kumane nje ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-calories ekudleni komuntu. Amakholori iyunithi yokukala kwamandla aqukethwe ekudleni. Wonke umuntu unenani elibekiwe lama-calories adinga ukulidla usuku ngalunye ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba nenhlala-kahle.

Ukuthatha kancane inani lakho lekhalori kubangela ukuthi umzimba wakho udwebe umsoco owudingayo ezitolo ezinamafutha omzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu odla ukushoda kwekhalori isikhathi eside uzozwa ukulahleka kwamafutha nokuncipha kwesisindo sakhe.

Labo bantu abadla amakhalori amaningi kunombundu wabo baqala ukuqoqa amafutha omzimba. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukudla okuningi kwaseMelika kunama-calories aphezulu kakhulu, akumangazi ukubona amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okukhuluphala emhlabeni e-US.

I- “American Diet” yokudla okusheshayo, ama-sodas anoshukela, namaswidi yethula izinkulungwane zama-calories emzimbeni, futhi uhlelo lwakho luguqula amandla amaningi ekudleni aye ezitolo ezinamafutha. Abantu abaningi abanezinkinga zokukhathazeka noma zokucindezeleka baphendukela ekudleni ukuze babaduduze.

Kodwa-ke, leli su lokudla ukuze uzizwe kahle lidala impendulo engemihle ebuchosheni bomuntu okhuluphele. Baba umlutha wokukhishwa kwe-dopamine ebuchosheni lapho bedla ukudla okunethezeka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, i-dopamine futhi iyi-neurochemical eyinhloko ekhishwe ebuchosheni lapho imilutha yezidakamizwa isebenzisa ubuthi obukhethiwe.

Izidakamizwa ezinjenge-cocaine, i-methamphetamine, kanye ne-uppers zakha ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-dopamine ebuchosheni, okuholele kumuzwa wokujabula. Kungokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo, kumnene kuphela, kubantu abakhuluphele abazithola sebenomlutha wokudla ukudla okungenamsoco.

 

Izici Zengozi Yokukhuluphala

Njenganoma isiphi esinye isifo noma isifo se-metabolic, kunezinto ezinobungozi kubantu abathintekile, ezibenza bathambekele kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhuluphala.

 

Ufuzo

Abantu abanabazali abakhuluphele cishe bangathola ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ebuntwaneni nasebusheni baba ngabantu abadala.

 

Izinketho Zokudla Ezingenampilo

Ukudla okuphezulu kokudla okusetshenzisiwe kunamakhalori-aminyene, okuholela ekukhuleni kokukhuluphala.

 

Iziphuzo Zesoda Nezamandla

Iziphuzo ezithambile ezinoshukela kanye nokuxubana nobisi kuqukethe amakhulu, uma kungenjalo izinkulungwane, zama-calories endaweni eyodwa.

 

Indlela Yokuhlala Phansi

Abantu abangenakho ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokuvuselela umzimba akuwashisi ama-calories amaningi, okuholela ekutholeni isisindo.

 

Imithi Nezifo

I-Prader-Willi syndrome neCushing syndrome yizibonelo zezinkinga ze-metabolic ezibangela ukuthi umuntu othintekayo athole isisindo. Imithi efana ne-beta-blockers nayo ingaphazamisa imetabolism, okuholele ekutholeni isisindo.

 

Izinkinga Zomphakathi Nezomnotho

Ngokudla okunempilo okunomsoco kubiza, abantu abaningi baseMelika banokukhetha kokudla ukudla okusheshayo. Ukuntuleka kwezithelo ezintsha nemifino kwezinye izifundazwe kuholela ekwakhiweni “kwezingwadule zokudla,” lapho ukudla okusheshayo kuba ukuphela kwendlela ongayidla.

 

Ezinye Izinto Ezinikelayo Ekuthuthukiseni Ukukhuluphala

ukukhulelwa

Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukudla kwababili. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, bangaqhubeka nokudla ngokweqile, okuholele ekutholeni isisindo. Ukushintshwa kwamahomoni emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokukhulelwa nakho kungenza kube nzima kwabanye besifazane ukulahlekelwa "yingane eyisishiyagalombili" ngemuva kokuzalwa.

 

Ukuyeka ukubhema

Ukuyeka ukubhema kukhuphula izinga lakho lokunciphisa umzimba. Ngenkathi umzimba wakho ukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni, uqala ukululama ekuzifakeni ubuthi.

Njengoba isilinganiso semetabolic sikhula futhi izicubu nezitho zilulama, zidinga ukudla okwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abayeka ukubhema bangadinga ukugcwalisa igebe elishiywe umkhuba ngokudla ngokweqile noma ngokudla okweqile.

 

Ikhwalithi Yokulala Engalungile

Izinga lokulala elibi lithinta uhlelo lwamahomoni, lubangele ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-ghrelin, i-hormone yendlala. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu othintekile angazizwa elambile kakhulu emini futhi abe nezifiso zokudla okungenampilo.

 

Ukucindezeleka

Abantu abacindezeleke ngokweqile bangaqala ukudla ngokweqile njengendlela yokubhekana nengcindezi yabo engokomzwelo nengokwengqondo.

 

I-Microbiome

Uhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla luyikhaya lezigidi zamagciwane azuzisayo, aziwa ngokuthi "ama-biomes." Ama-biomes ajwayelana nokudla kwakho ukudonsa umsoco ekudleni kwakho, ukuwufaka egazini.

Noma kunjalo, ama-biomes ajwayela ukukhetha kwakho kokudla. Ngakho-ke, uma udla ukudla okusheshayo, uzothola kunzima ukuqala ukudla okunempilo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ama-biomes amelana nokudla okusha, kukwenza ufune ukudla abakujwayele ukukudla.

 

Ziyini Izingozi Zezempilo Ezihlobene Nokukhuluphala?

Abantu abakhuluphele futhi abakhuluphele baphila impilo egcina iholele empilweni ebuthaka. Ezinye izingozi zezempilo ezibhekene nabantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile nabakhuluphele zihlanganisa okulandelayo.

 

Isifo Senhliziyo Nohlangothi

Ukukhuluphala kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwengcindezi yegazi, okuholela ekubeni "nomfutho wegazi ophezulu" kumuntu othintekile. Abantu abaphethwe umfutho wegazi ophakeme kungenzeka babhekane nokulimala kwenhliziyo kanye namandla okuhlaselwa unhlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngenxa yomthelela ekusakazeni kwegazi.

 

Thayipha-2 Isifo Sikashukela

Abantu abakhuluphele nabakhuluphele ngokweqile banezinkinga zokugcina “ukuzwela kwe-insulin” yabo. Njengomphumela we-o0f njalo amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini, umuntu othintekile ulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi ojwayelekile wamanyikwe kanye namandla awo okukhiqiza i-insulin.

 

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Ocacile

Abantu abakhuluphele basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezilandelayo.

• kwesibeletho
• wesibeletho
• I-Endometrium
• esibelethweni
• Isisu
• I-Colon
• I-Rectum
• I-Esophagus
• Isibindi
• I-Gallbladder
• I-Pancreas
• Izinso ne-Prostate

 

Ukuphazamiseka Kwezisu

Abantu abakhuluphele basengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njengesifo senyongo, isilungulela, i-GERD, nezinkinga zesibindi.

 

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweGynecological and Sexual

Ukukhuluphala kunomthelela ezikhathini ezingajwayelekile nokungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile emadodeni.

 

I-apnea yokulala

Abantu abakhuluphele banamafutha omzimba amaningi ngasemphinjeni, abamba imigwaqo yomoya ngesikhathi sokulala. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu othintekile angathola amazinga we-oxygen ephansi egazini. Ukuntuleka kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo kuholela ekukhathaleni, inqwaba yezifo zemetabolic kanye nezomzimba, ngisho nokufa.

 

I-osteoarthritis

Ukukhuluphala kwengeza isisindo esengeziwe kuhlaka lwakho, futhi uhlelo lwamathambo lumunca lo mthwalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uqwanga emalungeni luphela ngokushesha kunabantu abanesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abakhuluphele bangabhekana nokuqala kwe-osteoarthritis emajoyintini abo, ngemuva, okhalweni, emadolweni, nasemaqakaleni kube amalunga athinteke kakhulu.

 

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 ezinzima

Ngokuya ngocwaningo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyinto ehamba phambili ekusebenziseni izinkinga ezivela ku-COVID-19. Abantu abanesisindo sokukhuluphala ngokweqile bavame ukuba “nezinkinga ezi-comorbidities,” ezinjengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nalabo ababalwe ngenhla. Ngenxa yalokho, banesikhathi esinzima sokubhekana nalesi sifo futhi basengozini yokuthola imiphumela emibi.

 

Singakulapha Kanjani Ukukhuluphala?

Imithi eklanyelwe ukwelapha ukukhuluphala ifaka phakathi ukuguqula indlela umuntu adla ngayo nokwethulwa kokuvivinya umzimba. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zidinga ukuzibophezela nokuzinikela ekufezeni imigomo yokulahlekelwa isisindo.

Umuntu okhuluphele noma okhuluphele ngokweqile uzokuthola kunzima kakhulu ukwenza lezi zinguquko. Ngalesi sizathu, udokotela oqapha imiphumela yokwehlisa isisindo esigulini wenza ushintsho oluncane ekuqaleni.

Ukuqala kancane ngokuncipha kwesisindo kuvumela imetabolism yomuntu kanye ne-gut biome ukuthi ivumelane kancane nezinguquko zokudla nezindlela zokuphila ezenziwe umuntu okhuluphele ngokweqile. Abasebenzi bezempilo bahlose ukwehlisa isisindo ngo-5% kuya ku-10% ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, behlisa i-BMI yesiguli kanye nemiphumela edala ukugula.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo bazoqapha inqubo, bakala futhi balinganise lowo muntu ngezikhathi zamasonto noma zanyanga zonke ukubheka ukuqhubeka kwabo. Njengoba ukwelashwa kuqhubeka, udokotela angaletha izithasiselo zokwehlisa isisindo. Lezi zithasiselo zisiza abantu ukuthi badlule emathafeni okwehlisa isisindo lapho ukwehla kwesisindo kuhamba khona.

Isengezo sokulahlekelwa isisindo sisiza ukukhulisa imetabolism, noma ngabe umsebenzisi usesimweni esiphelile samakhalori aphansi. Ukudla ukushoda kwekhalori ekugcineni kubambezela izinga lokunciphisa umzimba nokulahleka kwamafutha. Ukwethulwa kwesengezo sokulahlekelwa isisindo kungaqala imetabolism, kusheshise ukulahleka kwesisindo.

Ake sibheke ngokujulile ekudleni kwasekhaya, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nezithasiselo kungathuthukisa ukunciphisa umzimba.

 

Ukulungiswa Kwezokudla

Ngenkathi ukulahleka kwesisindo kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, kubila kumgomo owodwa olula; ukudla okungaphansi kokudla ikhalori oyidingayo nsuku zonke. Lapho uvakashela uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo ukuyohlola, babala i-BMI yakho kanye nezidingo zakho zansuku zonke zekhalori.

Isibonelo, uma unezidingo zansuku zonke zekhalori ezingama-2,500-Calories, ukudla ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo kuholela ekunciphiseni isisindo ngenxa yokushoda kwekhalori. Umzimba uqala ukusebenzisa izitolo ezinamafutha ukwenzela ukusilela kwamandla ekudleni kwakho.

 

Yenza Izinketho Zokudla Okunempilo

Uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo uzokwenzela ibalazwe lokudla kwakho ngokuya ngokudla okunempilo othanda ukukudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi unganciphisa isisindo ngokudla noma yikuphi ukudla, inqobo nje uma udla ngaphansi komkhawulo wakho wamakholori wansuku zonke.

Ucwaningo luka-2010 olwenziwa nguMark Haub lwamenza wangadla lutho ngaphandle kwama-twinkies amasonto ayishumi. Cishe ucabanga ukuthi lokho kudla kwamenza wakhuluphala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombise ukuthi ulahlekelwe yiphawundi engama-27 emavikini ayishumi. Wayikhipha kanjani? Elula, wadla ngaphansi kombundu wakhe wekhalori.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ucabange ukuthi leyo yilayisense yokudla ama-Twinkies nokudla okungenamsoco, cabanga futhi. Izinga lokudla ekudleni kwakho nalo lidlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni kwakho isisindo. Isibonelo, ama-Twinkies awalutho ngaphandle koshukela, izivimbelakuvunda, isiraphu yommbila, amafutha angenampilo nama-carbs.

Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuchuma ngokudla okungenawo amaminerali namavithamini. Ukudla ukudla kwe-Twinkie kungaba kuhle ekuhlolweni, kepha kuzolimaza impilo yakho uma udla ama-Twinkies nokudla okungenamsoco kuphela. Ungagcina unezinkinga zikashukela egazini, ukushoda ngamavithamini, nezinkinga ze-metabolic.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo ngezithelo, imifino, inyama engenamafutha, kanye ne-carbohydrate egaya kancane kuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uthola umsoco owudingayo ukuze uhlale unempilo ngesikhathi sakho sokuncipha.

 

Qala Uhlelo Lokuzivocavoca

Ukuvivinya umzimba kuyisithako esibalulekile empini yokwelapha ukukhuluphala. Ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi wehlise isisindo ngokudla wedwa (ngokudla ngaphansi komkhawulo wakho wekhalori), uzothola imiphumela esheshayo yokwehlisa isisindo ngokungeza ukuzivocavoca kuhlelo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuvuselela imetabolism, ikwenze ushise izitolo zamandla nezamafutha. Abantu abakhuluphele futhi bahola indlela yokuphila "yokuhlala phansi", engenakho ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokuvuselela umzimba ohlelweni lwemisipha.

Ngenxa yalokhu, imisipha iba nenqubo eyaziwa njenge- "atrophy," lapho ilele khona. Ngakho-ke, abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile kudingeka basebenze bangene ohlelweni lokuzivocavoca kancane kancane.

Ukuqasha umuntu oziqeqeshela ukukusiza ekuguqulweni komzimba wakho kukunikeza ukwesekwa nolwazi oludingayo ukuze wandise ukwehla kwesisindo sakho futhi usize uhlelo lwemisipha luthole e-atrophy. Umqeqeshi uzoqala ngokunweba nokukhanya kwe-cardio work on a treadmill, andise ukuqina kokuzivocavoca kwakho njengoba uhlelo lwakho lwemisipha nohlaka lwamathambo luqina.

 

Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yokukhuluphala

Abanye abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile nabakhuluphele kakhulu bangase bangasabeli ekudleni okunemikhawulo nasekuzivocavoca njengabanye. Uma unenkinga yokwehlisa isisindo, ungadinga ukungenelela kwemithi ukukusiza ukuthi ulahle izitolo zamafutha ngokweqile emzimbeni wakho.

 

Umuthi Izidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo

Abantu abakhuluphele abanama-BMIs amakhulu kunama-30 bangadinga imishanguzo kadokotela yokunciphisa isisindo ukubasiza ngokuqalisa imetabolism, okunciphisa ukuncipha.

I-Metabolic syndrome iqoqo lezinkinga ezimbi zezempilo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinkinga kubambezela izinga lokuthayipha kumuntu othintekile. Ngakho-ke, banenkinga yokwehlisa isisindo, ngisho nangokudla okunomkhawulo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesengezo sokulahlekelwa isisindo.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezempilo, imishanguzo yokwehlisa isisindo ilungele abantu ababhekene nokuphazamiseka kwezempilo okunomthelela kokukhuluphala, njenge-dyslipidemia, umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), noma isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.

Ukwethula le mithi kanye nohlelo lokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca kungasiza ukukhulisa imetabolism. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli esingaphenduli sizoqala ukubona ukwehla kwesisindo.

 

Iyini Imithi Elwa Nokukhuluphala Futhi Isebenza Kanjani?

Izidakamizwa zokulwa nokukhuluphala zisiza abasebenza kwezokwelapha ukuthi baphathe ukukhuluphala kwabantu abathintekayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe uyilungele yini ukwelashwa kwesisindo somuthi. Odokotela banquma izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo ezigulini ezinenkinga eyodwa noma zombili ezilandelayo.

• Ngokuvamile, uzoba ne-BMI engaphezu kwengu-30.
• Une-BMI engaphezu kwengu-27, enezinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo sikashukela.

Lapho uthintana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwehla kwesisindo sakho, bazokuhlolela umzimba ngokugcwele ukubona ukuthi ingabe uyilungele yini ukwelashwa kwesisindo somuthi. Udokotela udlula emlandweni wakho wezokwelapha, ekubuza imibuzo ebalulekile ngempilo yakho.

Uma ungumuntu ofanelekayo, udokotela wakho uzokwenza; dlula ubuhle nobubi bokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo kuhlelo lwakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo azifanele ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo. Isibonelo, abesifazane abakhulelwe, noma labo abazama ukukhulelwa, kufanele bagweme ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingathinta ukukhula kwengane futhi ziholele ekuphuphumeni kwesisu kwezinye izimo.

 

Zisebenza Kahle Kangakanani Izidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo?

Imithi yokulwa nokukhuluphala kadokotela inemvume ye-FDA yokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kumijikelezo yamaviki awu-12 noma ngaphezulu. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi le mithi idala umthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni isisindo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-placebos emaqenjini okulawula.

Ukungeza izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo njengethuluzi lokusiza uhlelo lokudla okunempilo nohlelo lokuzivocavoca kungandisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwesisindo. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, ukwengezwa kwezidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo kuhlelo lwakho kungakhuphula izinga lokulahleka kwamafutha ngo-3% kuye ku-7% ngaphezu konyaka.

Yize lokho kungazwakala njengokunyuka okuncane kokulahleka kwamafutha, empeleni kuyinani elibalulekile.

 

Ziyini Izinzuzo Zezidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo?

Izidakamizwa zokulwa nokukhuluphala zinezinzuzo eziningana zokwenza ngcono amazinga okulahleka kwesisindo kubantu abakhuluphele nabakhuluphele ngokweqile. Ukuhlanganisa le mithi nokudla okunempilo, ukuswela ikhalori, nohlelo lokuzivocavoca, isiguli sithola ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokushesha.

Imvamisa, labo bantu abakhuluphele kakhulu abasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwesisindo sokulahla izidakamizwa kanye nohlelo lwabo lwezempilo bathola izinga lokulahleka kwamafutha okungu-3% kuya ku-12% kunalabo abangasebenzisi umuthi. Imiphumela iyehluka kuye ngomuntu, kepha ucwaningo lukhombisa ukwehla kwesisindo okuphakathi kuka-10% wesisindo somzimba esiphelele emasontweni ayi-12 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ngenxa yokwehla kwesisindo esisheshayo, umuntu okhuluphele wehlisa ushukela wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol futhi athuthukise umfutho wegazi. Isiguli sizophinda siqaphele ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yokulala, ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela, namazinga wamandla emini.

Imvamisa, iningi lokwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokusebenzisa umuthi.

 

Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo

• Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalo yokuphathisa isisindo umuthi obekwe ngudokotela wakho.
• Thenga imithi yakho yokwehlisa isisindo ekhemisi elihle ku-inthanethi noma esitolo.
• Sebenzisa kuphela izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo uma unokudla okunempilo nohlelo lokuzivocavoca olusendaweni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imiphumela yokwehla kwesisindo kanye nezingozi ezihilelekile ekuthatheni ukuncipha
• Uma ungalahli isisindo ngesonto lesithathu usebenzisa isisindo somuthi, bika kudokotela wakho.
• Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imishanguzo yokwehlisa isisindo noma izithako zokuncipha ozisebenzisayo.
• Ungalokothi usebenzise izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo uma ukhulelwe, uncelisa, noma uzama ukukhulelwa.

 

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zezidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo?

Izidakamizwa zokulwa nokukhuluphala ziza ezinhlanganisweni ezahlukahlukene, ngayinye inezakhiwo ezihlukile. Ukunquma ngemithi efanelekile yokwehlisa isisindo sakho yingxoxo okudingeka ube nayo nodokotela wakho. Okunye kokucatshangelwa okubalulekile okuhilelekile ekuphuzeni umuthi kufaka lokhu okulandelayo.

• Inzuzo yokwehlisa isisindo izidakamizwa.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa.
• Isimo sakho sempilo samanje.
• Uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lwemithi.
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho uzogijima kuyo yonke le mibuzo nokuningi lapho ekuhlolela ukwelashwa kwesisindo somuthi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu olungele ukhetho lokwelashwa kwesisindo somuthi. Ukuthatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemithi yokulawula isisindo ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho kuyisinqumo esiwubuwula nesiyingozi.

 

Yimiphi Imithi evunyelwe yi-FDA yokwehlisa isisindo somzimba?

Yize kunezinqwaba zemithi elwa nokukhuluphala, idlanzana kuphela elinemvume efiselekayo ye-FDA. Kusukela ngo-2021, i-FDA ivumela lezi zidakamizwa ezine ezilandelayo ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekwelapheni kwesisindo.

• I-Orlistat (Xenical, Alli)
• Sibutramine
• Cetilistat
• ILorcaserin Hydrochloride

I-FDA njengamanje ihlola ukusebenza nokuphepha komuthi wesithupha, i-setmelanotide (IMCIVREE). Le nhlanganisela ilungele ukusetshenziswa kubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile abanezinkinga zofuzo ezingavamile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho udinga ukuhlola lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise lesi sidakamizwa ohlelweni lwakho lokwehlisa isisindo.

Iziguli zingasebenzisa noma imiphi yezidakamizwa ezinhlanu ezigunyazwe yi-FDA zokunciphisa isisindo lapho zithola imiphumela ebonakalayo futhi zingenayo imiphumela emibi yokwehla kwesisindo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zokwehlisa isisindo ezinqanda isifiso kubasebenzisi zilungele kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana esifushane kumijikelezo yamaviki awu-12.

 

Izidakamizwa Eziphezulu Ezi-4 Ezidumile Zokuncipha Emhlabeni Zokwelapha Abantu Abakhuluphele Nabakhulu ngokweqile

I-Orlistat

I-Orlistat (i-Alli) imithi engaphezulu kwamanani etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-Orlistat isiza ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwesisindo kubantu abakhuluphele lapho isetshenziswa eceleni kohlelo lokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ucwaningo lukhombisa nokuthi i-Orlistat izoshesha ukulandelela ukulahleka kwamafutha uma kuqhathaniswa nokungasebenzisi umuthi.

Lo muthi olwa nokukhuluphala ulungele abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile nabakhuluphala ngokweqile abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18. Umuthi uyasebenza uma usetshenziswa eceleni kokushoda kwamakhalori, futhi usebenza kahle kakhulu ngokudla okunamafutha aphansi. I-Xenical inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ye-Alli, etholakala ngemithi kadokotela.

I-Orlistat ibuye ilungele ukusetshenziswa kubantu abahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa. Isidakamizwa sisiza umzimba ngokuphatha umphumela obuyile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, siqinisekise ukuthi isiguli siyaqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ngamafutha omzimba. I-Orlistat iyingxenye yomndeni wemithi ebizwa nge- "lipase inhibitors." I-Orlistat ivimba ukumuncwa kwamafutha ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, ikhiphe noma imaphi amanoni angagwinyiwe ngokuhamba kwamathumbu akho. Kungalesi sizathu odokotela bebeka ukwelashwa kwe-orlistat eceleni kokudla okunamafutha aphansi.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-Orlistat inciphisa "amafutha we-visceral," izitolo ezinamafutha aminyene eziqoqa ezungeze isisu nesibambo sothando. La mafutha e-visceral ayingozi futhi angaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezempilo njenge-hypertension, isifo sikashukela, isifo sohlangothi nesifo senhliziyo ezigulini.

 

Cetilistat

Lesi sidakamizwa sokulwa nokukhuluphala siyindlela yokwelapha yokukhuluphala eyenziwe ngu-Alizyme. Le nkampani yobuchwepheshe be-biopharmaceutical ibambisene neTakeda Pharmaceutical ukwenza lo muthi, owaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “Cetilistat” noma (ATL-962).

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cetilistat eceleni kokudla okunempilo nohlelo lokuzivocavoca kukhawulela i-pancreatic lipases, esebenza njengokwelashwa okunamandla kweziguli ezibhekene nesifo sikashukela noma i-dyslipidemia eceleni kokukhuluphala. Njengo-Orlistat, iCetilistat imunca amanoni ekudleni kwakho, iwakhiphe emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwamathumbu.

ICetilistat futhi iyisisindo esinamandla sokucindezela ukudla ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela ku-neurochemistry ebuchosheni. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwenziwa kwaCetilistat ngo-2008 kukhombisa ukuthi kukhuthaza ukuncipha kwesisindo okubalulekile ezigulini. Ucwaningo lukhombisa nokuthi abantu abakhuluphele banokubekezelelana okuhle kwiCetilistat, nemiphumela engemihle yeCetilistat.

 

ILorcaserin Hydrochloride

ILorcaserin ngesinye isidakamizwa sokulwa nokukhuluphala esitholakalayo ukuze sisetshenziswe kubantu abadala. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iLorcaserin ikhuthaza ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwesisindo futhi ivimbele umphumela wokubuyela emuva ngemuva kokuqeda umuthi. Ngokusemthethweni, isayensi yezokwelapha ibeka uLorcaserin njenge- "serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor agonist."

Isayensi yezokwelapha ayiqiniseki ngokuthi iyiphi indlela eqondile yemvelo ebangela ukuncipha kwesiguli. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi iLorcaserin ivuselela ngokukhetha i-5-HT2C receptor ku-hypothalamus. I-hypothalamus yisifunda sobuchopho esibhekele ukuphatha indlala nokudla kwakho.

I-Lorcaserin yenza lawa ma-receptors, asize isiguli ukuthi sinciphise ukudla abakudlayo. Lokhu ikwenza ngokudala umuzwa wokusutha ngaphambili ngenkathi udla. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli sizizwa sigcwele ngenkathi sidla ukudla okuncane kunalokho obekuvame ukwenza. Lelisu lenza kube lula ngomuntu okhuluphele kakhulu ukuthi aqhubeke nokushoda kwekhalori.

I-Lorcaserin inezigaba njengesidakamizwa esilawulwa yi-schedule IV, futhi sitholakala kuphela kudokotela wakho ngemithi kadokotela. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iLorcaserin ingadala ukuthembela kulo muthi, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela intuthuko yakho ngemuva kokuthatha i-Lorcaserin.

 

Sibutramine

ISibutramine ngesinye isidakamizwa sokulahla isisindo esidlala ku-neurochemistry yobuchopho. I-Sibutramine ingaguqula ukusebenza kwama-neurotransmitter ebuchosheni, kuthinte ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho nezinzwa ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.

Sebenzisa iSibutramine kuvimbela ukuphinda kuthathwe kwe-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, ne-serotonin. La ma-neurotransmitter anamandla akhiqiza umphumela wobumnandi ebuchosheni lapho edla ukudla kwakho okuthandayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli zithola ukuthi azisafisi ukudla okuthandayo okusheshayo namaswidi noma isoda, okwenza kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yazo yokuphila entsha.

I-Sibutramine iyasebenza, kanti iziguli eziningi zibona ukwehliswa kwesisindo somzimba ngo-5% kuya ku-10% ngokusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iSibutramine isebenza ezinhlelweni zokwehlisa isisindo kunokwenza ngcono iphrofayli ye-lipid (cholesterol) kubasebenzisi.

 

I-Orlistat vs Cetilistat vs Lorcaserin hydrochloride (HCL), okungcono kakhulu ekwehliseni isisindo?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhetha umuthi ofanele wokulwa nokukhuluphala, udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Sicabanga ukuthi izingxube ezinciphisa umzimba kakhulu zokwelapha ukukhuluphala yi-Orlistat, iCetilistat, neLorcaserin, futhi sizoqhathanisa ukusebenza kwalowo nalowo ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala.

I-Orlistat isebenza ngokwehlisa ukumuncwa kwamafutha okudla ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla. I-Lorcaserin inciphisa ukulamba nokulangazelela ukudla, kanti iCetilistat inikeza ukuncipha kokudla kanye nokuncipha kwamafutha kancane.

Ukucwaninga ngokusebenza kwalezi zidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo kukhombisa ukuthi iLorcaserin iyona ephumelela kakhulu kulaba abathathu ekwehliseni umjikelezo okhalweni ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 zokusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa nokuthi cishe i-5% yeziguli ziyayeka ukusebenzisa i-Orlistat neLorcaserin ngenxa yokuqala kwemiphumela emibi.

Olunye ucwaningo luqhathanise imiphumela yeCetilistat ne-Orlistat ezigulini ezikhuluphele ezinenkinga yesifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-12, ukwehla kwesisindo eqenjini leCetilistat kwakukukhulu kune-placebo futhi kucishe kufane ne-Orlistat.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisa nokuthi izehlakalo ezimbi zivame kakhulu nge-Orlistat, neqembu le-Orlistat elakha inani eliphakeme lemicimbi emibi.

Kukonke, kubonakala sengathi iCetilistat iyindlela engcono. Abasebenzisi bathola izehlakalo ezimbi ezimbalwa kanye nemiphumela emibi ngenkathi begcina izinzuzo ze-Orlistat neLorcaserin.

 

I-FAQ Ngezidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo

Q: Ngidinga isikhathi esingakanani ukubona imiphumela ngemuva kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo?

A: Isikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho sincike ekubekezeleleni kwakho lesi sidakamizwa nokusebenza kwaso ekusizeni wehlise isisindo futhi usigcine. Uma uphatha izidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi futhi ubona imiphumela, udokotela wakho cishe uzokugcina kuyo kuze kube yilapho ubika imicimbi emibi noma ufinyelela imigomo yakho yokwehlisa isisindo.

Uma uqala ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa futhi ungenayo imiphumela ebonakalayo ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ngomthamo ogcwele womuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho angashintsha lesi sidakamizwa noma akweluleke ukuthi uthathe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemithi yokulwa nokukhuluphala.

Uma ungalahli isisindo ngenkathi usebenzisa umuthi olwa nokukhuluphala, udokotela wakho angalungisa uhlelo lwakho lokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Bangakudlulisela futhi kudokotela ohlinzayo we-bariatric ozokuhlolela ukuhlinzwa kwe-bariatric ukuze wehlise isisindo.

Njengoba ukukhuluphala kuyisimo esingalapheki, iziguli zizodinga ukwenza unomphela indlela yokuphila nokulungiswa kokudla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azipheli lapho ziqale khona.

 

Q: Ngabe ngizoqala ukukhuluphala futhi ngemuva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokulwa nokukhuluphala?

A: Iziguli zingalindela izinga elithile le- "rebound" ngemuva kokumisa ukusetshenziswa komuthi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, isiguli sizokuthola kulula ukuguqula imishanguzo ngaphandle kokufaka ngaphezulu kwephawundi noma amabili.

Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zakhe imikhuba emisha yokudla nokuzivocavoca ukuze zizisize ziqede isisindo ngemuva kokushintsha izidakamizwa. Ngokweziqondiso zomsebenzi womzimba, abantu kufanele bathole okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 kuye kwangama-300 yemisebenzi yokuvivinya umzimba ngamandla masonto onke. Iziguli kufanele futhi zifake ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla ohlelweni lwabo lokuzivocavoca kabili ngesonto.

 

Q: Ngabe umshuwalense wami wezempilo uzokhokhela izindleko zemithi yami yokulwa nokukhuluphala?

A: Kuya ngomshuwalense wakho kanye nemigomo kunqubomgomo yakho. Imvamisa, bonke abashuwalense bezempilo bazokhokha okungenani ingxenye ethile yezindleko zemithi. Xhumana nomshuwalense wakho wezempilo bese ubabuza ukuthi ngabe unayo yini ikhava yezidakamizwa zokwehlisa isisindo.

 

Q: Kungani ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo basebenzisa imishanguzo "off-label" ukwelapha isisindo sokulahlekelwa?

A: Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangathatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa umuthi wokwehlisa isisindo ngenhloso engeyona eyokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe nokuvunyelwa yi-FDA. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa kwelebula" komuthi. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi ofanele ukwelapha esinye isimo futhi usisebenzisele ukwelapha ukukhuluphala.

Kodwa-ke, zimbalwa kakhulu izidakamizwa ezilungele ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula ekwehliseni isisindo. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ancoma eyodwa yezidakamizwa ezine zokwehlisa isisindo okukhulunywe ngazo kulokhu okuthunyelwe ngohlelo lwakho lokwehlisa isisindo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu baqonde ukuthi akufanele basebenzise noma imuphi umuthi wokwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

 

How To Thenga Izidakamizwa Zokulahlekelwa Isisindo Esithembekile Ku-inthanethi

Ngemuva kokuhlangana nodokotela wakho, bazokunikeza imishanguzo yomuthi ofanele wokwehlisa isisindo ngokuya ngesimo sakho, ukugcwalisa umbhalo wakho, unenketho yokuya esitolo samakhemisi noma ikhemisi e-intanethi. I-Weight Loss Online Pharmacy nayo ilula kakhulu, ingathumela umuthi emnyango wakho, yonge isikhathi sakho esitolo samakhemisi.

Kuyinto ebucayi ukuthi uthenga kuphela imithi yokwehlisa isisindo online kumhlinzeki wezidakamizwa onedumela elihle, futhi ikhemisi e-intanethi kufanele ikunikeze indlela yokuhlola ikhwalithi yemithi yabo yokwehlisa isisindo. Ungalokothi u-ode imishanguzo yabo kubathengisi be-inthanethi abalahlekelwayo ngaphandle kokuqedela imininingwane eyisisekelo oyihlolayo.

 

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